Ciena Reports Fiscal Fourth Quarter 2023 Financial Results

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Ciena^®Corporation (NYSE: CIEN), a networking systems, services and software company, today announced unaudited financial results for its fiscal fourth quarter ended October 28, 2023.

Q4 Revenue: $1.13 billion
Q4 Net Income per Share: $0.62 GAAP; $0.75 adjusted (non-GAAP)
Share Repurchases: Repurchased approximately 4.2 million shares of common stock for an aggregate price of $188.8 million during the quarter

“Today we reported strong fiscal fourth quarter results, driven by positive demand dynamics, particularly with cloud provider customers. We delivered an outstanding fiscal year with 21% growth in revenue, gaining significant market share and further advancing our industry leadership position,” said Gary Smith, president and CEO, Ciena. “Looking ahead, as we execute on our strategy to extend our market leadership in optical while expanding our opportunities in routing and switching, we expect to continue to grow revenue faster than the market and take share.”

For fiscal fourth quarter 2023, Ciena reported revenue of $1.13 billion as compared to $971.0 million for the fiscal fourth quarter 2022. For fiscal year 2023, Ciena reported revenue of $4.39 billion, as compared to $3.63 billion for fiscal year 2022.

Ciena’s GAAP net income for the fiscal fourth quarter 2023 was $91.2 million, or $0.62 per diluted common share, which compares to a GAAP net income of $57.6 million, or $0.39 per diluted common share, for the fiscal fourth quarter 2022. For fiscal year 2023, Ciena’s GAAP net income was $254.8 million, or $1.71 per diluted common share, as compared to GAAP net income of $152.9 million, or $1.00 per diluted common share, for fiscal year 2022.

Ciena’s adjusted (non-GAAP) net income for the fiscal fourth quarter 2023 was $111.2 million, or $0.75 per diluted common share, which compares to an adjusted (non-GAAP) net income of $90.9 million, or $0.61 per diluted common share, for the fiscal fourth quarter 2022. For fiscal year 2023, Ciena’s adjusted (non-GAAP) net income was $406.3, or $2.72 per diluted common share, as compared to adjusted (non-GAAP) net income of $288.9, or $1.90 per diluted common share, for fiscal year 2022.

Performance Summary For Fiscal Fourth Quarter and Year Ended October 28, 2023

The tables below (in millions, except percentage data) provide comparisons of certain quarterly and annual results to the prior year. Appendices A and B set forth reconciliations between the GAAP and adjusted (non-GAAP) measures contained in this release.

	GAAP Results (unaudited)
	Quarter Ended						Period		Year Ended						Period
	October 28,			October 29,			Change		October 28,			October 29,			Change
	2023			2022			Y-T-Y*		2023			2022			Y-T-Y*
Revenue	$	1,129.5		$	971.0		16.3	%	$	4,386.5		$	3,632.7		20.8	%
Gross margin		43.1	%		44.7	%	(1.6	)%		42.8	%		43.0	%	(0.2	)%
Operating expense	$	395.0		$	356.3		10.9	%	$	1,521.3		$	1,337.5		13.7	%
Operating margin		8.1	%		8.0	%	0.1	%		8.2	%		6.1	%	2.1	%

	Non-GAAP Results (unaudited)
	Quarter Ended						Period		Year Ended						Period
	October 28,			October 29,			Change		October 28,			October 29,			Change
	2023			2022			Y-T-Y*		2023			2022			Y-T-Y*
Revenue	$	1,129.5		$	971.0		16.3	%	$	4,386.5		$	3,632.7		20.8	%
Adj. gross margin		43.7	%		45.2	%	(1.5	)%		43.5	%		43.6	%	(0.1	)%
Adj. operating expense	$	337.6		$	312.8		7.9	%	$	1,332.8		$	1,177.0		13.2	%
Adj. operating margin		13.8	%		13.0	%	0.8	%		13.1	%		11.2	%	1.9	%
Adj. EBITDA	$	178.8		$	153.5		16.5	%	$	665.8		$	502.4		32.5	%

* Denotes % change, or in the case of margin, absolute change

	Revenue by Segment (unaudited)
	Quarter Ended
	October 28, 2023			October 29, 2022
	Revenue		%**	Revenue		%**
Networking Platforms
Optical Networking ¹	$	748.0	66.2	$	649.9	66.9
Routing and Switching		128.9	11.4		102.8	10.6
Total Networking Platforms		876.9	77.6		752.7	77.5

Platform Software and Services		82.1	7.3		71.6	7.4

Blue Planet Automation Software and Services		20.0	1.8		21.2	2.2

Global Services
Maintenance Support and Training		74.4	6.6		73.1	7.5
Installation and Deployment		60.1	5.3		36.9	3.8
Consulting and Network Design		16.0	1.4		15.5	1.6
Total Global Services		150.5	13.3		125.5	12.9

Total	$	1,129.5	100.0	$	971.0	100.0

	Revenue by Segment (unaudited)
	Year Ended
	October 28, 2023			October 29, 2022
	Revenue		%**	Revenue		%**
Networking Platforms
Optical Networking ¹	$	2,987.3	68.1	$	2,380.0	65.5
Routing and Switching		506.2	11.5		398.4	11.0
Total Networking Platforms		3,493.5	79.6		2,778.4	76.5

Platform Software and Services		303.9	6.9		277.2	7.6

Blue Planet Automation Software and Services		69.1	1.6		76.6	2.1

Global Services
Maintenance Support and Training		288.3	6.6		292.4	8.1
Installation and Deployment		181.0	4.1		157.4	4.3
Consulting and Network Design		50.7	1.2		50.7	1.4
Total Global Services		520.0	11.9		500.5	13.8

Total	$	4,386.5	100.0	$	3,632.7	100.0

**	Denotes % of total revenue
	¹Ciena renamed its former “Converged Packet Optical” product line “Optical Networking” effective as of the fourth quarter of fiscal 2023. This change, affecting only the presentation of such information, was made on a prospective basis and does not impact comparability of previous financial results or the composition of this product category.

Additional Performance Metrics for Fiscal Fourth Quarter and Year Ended October 28, 2023

	Revenue by Geographic Region (unaudited)
	Quarter Ended
	October 28, 2023			October 29, 2022
	Revenue		% **	Revenue		% **
Americas	$	801.4	71.0	$	723.5	74.5
Europe, Middle East and Africa		164.1	14.5		135.1	13.9
Asia Pacific		164.0	14.5		112.4	11.6
Total	$	1,129.5	100.0	$	971.0	100.0

	Revenue by Geographic Region (unaudited)
	Year Ended
	October 28, 2023			October 29, 2022
	Revenue		% **	Revenue		% **
Americas	$	3,110.3	70.9	$	2,636.9	72.6
Europe, Middle East and Africa		643.1	14.7		555.2	15.3
Asia Pacific		633.1	14.4		440.6	12.1
Total	$	4,386.5	100.0	$	3,632.7	100.0

** Denotes % of total revenue

Two customers represented 10%-plus of revenue for the fiscal fourth quarter 2023, combining for a total of 29.7% of revenue. Two customers represented 10%-plus of revenue for the fiscal year 2023, combining for a total of 23.4% of revenue.
Cash and investments at the end of fiscal year 2023 totaled $1.25 billion
Cash flow from operations totaled $195.5 million and $168.3 million for the fiscal fourth quarter and the fiscal year 2023, respectively
Average days’ sales outstanding (DSOs) were 92 and 95 for the fiscal fourth quarter and the fiscal year 2023, respectively
Accounts receivable, net balance was $1.00 billion
Unbilled contract assets, net balance was $150.3 million
Inventories totaled $1.05 billion, including:
- Raw materials: $664.8 million
- Work in process: $55.2 million
- Finished goods: $314.2 million
- Deferred cost of sales: $66.6 million
- Reserve for excess and obsolescence: $(50.0) million
Product inventory turns were 2.0 for both the fiscal fourth quarter and the fiscal year 2023.
Headcount totaled 8,483 at the end of fiscal year 2023

Supplemental Materials and Live Web Broadcast of Unaudited Fiscal Fourth Quarter 2023 Results

Today, Thursday, December 7, 2023, in conjunction with this announcement, Ciena has posted to the Quarterly Results page of the Investor Relations section of its website certain related supporting materials for its unaudited fiscal fourth quarter 2023 results.

Ciena’s management will also host a discussion today with investors and financial analysts that will include the Company’s outlook. The live audio web broadcast beginning at 8:30 a.m. Eastern will be accessible via www.ciena.com. An archived replay of the live broadcast will be available shortly following its conclusion on the Investor Relations page of Ciena’s website.

Notes to Investors

Forward-Looking Statements. You are encouraged to review the Investors section of our website, where we routinely post press releases, Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”) filings, recent news, financial results, supplemental financial information, and other announcements. From time to time we exclusively post material information to this website along with other disclosure channels that we use. This press release contains certain forward-looking statements that involve risks and uncertainties. These statements are based on current expectations, forecasts, assumptions and other information available to the Company as of the date hereof. Forward-looking statements include statements regarding Ciena’s expectations, beliefs, intentions or strategies regarding the future and can be identified by forward-looking words such as “anticipate,” “believe,” “could,” “estimate,” “expect,” “intend,” “may,” “should,” “will,” and “would” or similar words. Forward-looking statements in this release include: “Today we reported strong fiscal fourth quarter results, driven by positive demand dynamics, particularly with cloud provider customers”; “We delivered an outstanding fiscal year with 21% growth in revenue, gaining significant market share and further advancing our industry leadership position”; “Looking ahead, as we execute on our strategy to extend our market leadership in optical while expanding our opportunities in routing and switching, we expect to continue to grow revenue faster than the market and take share.”

Ciena’s actual results, performance or events may differ materially from these forward-looking statements made or implied due to a number of risks and uncertainties relating to Ciena’s business, including: the effect of broader economic and market conditions on our customers, their spending and their businesses and markets; our ability to execute our business and growth strategies; the impact of macroeconomic conditions and global supply chain constraints or disruptions including increased supply costs and lead times; the impact of the introduction of new technologies by us or our competitors; seasonality and the timing and size of customer orders, their delivery dates and our ability to recognize revenue relating to such sales; the level of competitive pressure we encounter; the product, customer and geographic mix of sales within the period; changes in foreign currency exchange rates; factors beyond our control such as natural disasters, climate change, acts of war or terrorism, geopolitical tensions or events, including but not limited to the ongoing conflicts between Ukraine and Russia, and Israel and Hamas, and public health emergencies or epidemics, including the COVID-19 pandemic; changes in tax or trade regulations, including the imposition of tariffs, duties or efforts to withdraw from or materially modify international trade agreements; cyberattacks, data breaches or other security incidents involving our enterprise network environment or our products; regulatory changes, litigation involving our intellectual property or government investigations; and the other risk factors disclosed in Ciena’s periodic reports filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) including Ciena’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q filed with the SEC on September 6, 2023 and its Annual Report on Form 10-K to be filed with the SEC. Ciena assumes no obligation to update any forward-looking information included in this press release.

Non-GAAP Presentation of Quarterly and Annual Results. This release includes non-GAAP measures of Ciena’s gross profit, operating expense, income from operations, earnings before interest, tax, depreciation and amortization (EBITDA), Adjusted EBITDA, and measures of net income and net income per share. In evaluating the operating performance of Ciena’s business, management excludes certain charges and credits that are required by GAAP. These items share one or more of the following characteristics: they are unusual and Ciena does not expect them to recur in the ordinary course of its business; they do not involve the expenditure of cash; they are unrelated to the ongoing operation of the business in the ordinary course; or their magnitude and timing is largely outside of Ciena’s control. Management believes that the non-GAAP measures below provide management and investors useful information and meaningful insight to the operating performance of the business. The presentation of these non-GAAP financial measures should be considered in addition to Ciena’s GAAP results and these measures are not intended to be a substitute for the financial information prepared and presented in accordance with GAAP. Ciena’s non-GAAP measures and the related adjustments may differ from non-GAAP measures used by other companies and should only be used to evaluate Ciena’s results of operations in conjunction with our corresponding GAAP results. To the extent not previously disclosed in a prior Ciena financial results press release, Appendices A and B to this press release set forth a complete GAAP to non-GAAP reconciliation of the non-GAAP measures contained in this release.

About Ciena. Ciena (NYSE: CIEN) is a global leader in networking systems, services, and software. We build the most adaptive networks in the industry, enabling customers to anticipate and meet ever-increasing digital demands. For three-plus decades, Ciena has brought our humanity to our relentless pursuit of innovation. Prioritizing collaborative relationships with our customers, partners, and communities, we create flexible, open, and sustainable networks that better serve all users—today and into the future. For updates on Ciena, follow us on Twitter @Ciena, LinkedIn, the Ciena Insights blog, or visit www.ciena.com.

CIENA CORPORATION CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS (in thousands, except per share data) (unaudited)

	Quarter Ended						Year Ended
	October 28,			October 29,			October 28,			October 29,
	2023			2022			2023			2022
Revenue:
Products	$	902,797		$	779,609		$	3,581,039		$	2,888,848
Services		226,690			191,401			805,510			743,813
Total revenue		1,129,487			971,010			4,386,549			3,632,661
Cost of goods sold:
Products		529,320			440,253			2,088,440			1,699,631
Services		113,886			97,160			419,258			372,686
Total cost of goods sold		643,206			537,413			2,507,698			2,072,317
Gross profit		486,281			433,597			1,878,851			1,560,344
Operating expenses:
Research and development		189,444			166,898			750,559			624,656
Selling and marketing		123,648			121,865			490,804			466,565
General and administrative		64,100			48,191			215,284			179,382
Significant asset impairments and restructuring costs		7,209			13,621			23,834			33,824
Amortization of intangible assets		10,578			5,754			37,351			32,511
Acquisition and integration costs		—			—			3,474			598
Total operating expenses		394,979			356,329			1,521,306			1,337,536
Income from operations		91,302			77,268			357,545			222,808
Interest and other income, net		11,297			1,887			62,008			6,747
Interest expense		(24,207	)		(13,775	)		(88,026	)		(47,050	)
Loss on extinguishment and modification of debt		(7,874	)		—			(7,874	)		—
Income before income taxes		70,518			65,380			323,653			182,505
Provision (benefit) for income taxes¹		(20,681	)		7,735			68,826			29,603
Net income	$	91,199		$	57,645		$	254,827		$	152,902

Net Income per Common Share
Basic net income per common share	$	0.62		$	0.39		$	1.71		$	1.01
Diluted net income per potential common share	$	0.62		$	0.39		$	1.71		$	1.00

Weighted average basic common shares outstanding		147,437			148,548			148,971			151,208
Weighted average dilutive potential common shares outstanding²		147,891			149,111			149,380			152,193

¹ For the fourth quarter and year ended fiscal 2023, reflects a tax benefit resulting, in part, from guidance in Notice 2023-63 issued by the IRS addressing capitalization and amortization of specified research or experimental expenditures under Section 174 in accordance with the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act.

² Weighted average dilutive potential common shares outstanding used in calculating GAAP diluted net income per potential common share includes the following number of shares underlying certain stock option and stock unit awards: (i) 0.5 million and 0.4 million shares for the fourth quarter and year ended fiscal 2023, respectively; and (ii) 0.6 million and 1.0 million shares for the fourth quarter and year ended fiscal 2022, respectively.

CIENA CORPORATION CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS (in thousands, except share data) (unaudited)

	October 28, 2023			October 29, 2022
ASSETS
Current assets:
Cash and cash equivalents	$	1,010,618		$	994,352
Short-term investments		104,753			153,989
Accounts receivable, net		1,003,876			920,772
Inventories, net		1,050,838			946,730
Prepaid expenses and other		405,694			370,053
Total current assets		3,575,779			3,385,896
Long-term investments		134,278			35,385
Equipment, building, furniture and fixtures, net		280,147			267,779
Operating lease right-of-use assets		35,140			45,108
Goodwill		444,765			328,322
Other intangible assets, net		205,627			69,517
Deferred tax asset, net		809,306			824,008
Other long-term assets		116,453			113,617
Total assets	$	5,601,495		$	5,069,632
LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY
Current liabilities:
Accounts payable	$	317,828		$	516,047
Accrued liabilities and other short-term obligations		431,419			360,782
Deferred revenue		154,419			137,899
Operating lease liabilities		16,655			18,925
Current portion of long-term debt		11,700			6,930
Total current liabilities		932,021			1,040,583
Long-term deferred revenue		74,041			62,336
Other long-term obligations		170,407			150,335
Long-term operating lease liabilities		33,259			42,392
Long-term debt, net		1,543,406			1,061,125
Total liabilities		2,753,134			2,356,771
Stockholders’ equity:
Preferred stock – par value $0.01; 20,000,000 shares authorized; zero shares issued and outstanding		—			—
Common stock – par value $0.01; 290,000,000 shares authorized; 144,829,938 and 148,412,943 shares issued and outstanding		1,448			1,484
Additional paid-in capital		6,262,083			6,390,252
Accumulated other comprehensive loss		(37,767	)		(46,645	)
Accumulated deficit		(3,377,403	)		(3,632,230	)
Total stockholders’ equity		2,848,361			2,712,861
Total liabilities and stockholders’ equity	$	5,601,495		$	5,069,632

CIENA CORPORATION CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS (in thousands) (unaudited)

	Year Ended
	October 28,			October 29,
	2023			2022
Cash flows used in operating activities:
Net income	$	254,827		$	152,902
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash used in operating activities:
Loss on extinguishment of debt		1,864			—
Depreciation of equipment, building, furniture and fixtures, and amortization of leasehold improvements		92,564			95,922
Share-based compensation expense		130,455			105,131
Amortization of intangible assets		49,616			44,281
Deferred taxes		(14,852	)		(27,502	)
Provision for inventory excess and obsolescence		29,464			16,184
Provision for warranty		31,742			17,440
Gain on cost method equity investments, net		(26,368	)		(4,120	)
Other		15,771			4,120
Changes in assets and liabilities:
Accounts receivable		(94,565	)		(47,069	)
Inventories		(132,497	)		(589,113	)
Prepaid expenses and other		(51,965	)		(58,996	)
Operating lease right-of-use assets		14,190			16,453
Accounts payable, accruals and other obligations		(138,469	)		100,327
Deferred revenue		27,412			26,380
Short and long-term operating lease liabilities		(20,857	)		(20,096	)
Net cash used in operating activities		168,332			(167,756	)
Cash flows used in investing activities:
Payments for equipment, furniture, fixtures and intellectual property		(106,197	)		(90,818	)
Purchases of investments		(252,329	)		(647,526	)
Proceeds from sales and maturities of investments		208,104			702,197
Settlement of foreign currency forward contracts, net		(2,984	)		4,942
Purchase of cost method equity investments		—			(8,000	)
Acquisition of business, net of cash acquired		(230,048	)		(62,043	)
Net cash used in investing activities		(383,454	)		(101,248	)
Cash flows provided by (used in) financing activities:
Proceeds from issuance of senior notes		—			400,000
Proceeds from issuance of term loan, net		497,500			—
Payment of long term debt		(9,430	)		(5,197	)
Proceeds for modification of term loan		830			—
Payment of debt issuance costs		(6,379	)		(5,484	)
Payment of finance lease obligations		(3,791	)		(3,468	)
Shares repurchased for tax withholdings on vesting of stock unit awards		(38,506	)		(48,454	)
Repurchases of common stock – repurchase program		(242,201	)		(500,800	)
Proceeds from issuance of common stock		31,357			30,348
Net cash provided by (used in) financing activities		229,380			(133,055	)
Effect of exchange rate changes on cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash		2,150			(26,167	)
Net increase (decrease) in cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash		16,408			(428,226	)
Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash at beginning of period		994,378			1,422,604
Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash at end of period	$	1,010,786		$	994,378
Supplemental disclosure of cash flow information
Cash paid during the period for interest	$	84,465		$	42,812
Cash paid during the period for income taxes, net	$	78,242		$	34,967
Operating lease payments	$	22,782		$	21,661
Non-cash investing and financing activities
Purchase of equipment in accounts payable	$	6,990		$	12,373
Repurchase of common stock in accrued liabilities from repurchase program	$	9,310		$	—
Operating right-of-use assets subject to lease liability	$	10,236		$	23,242
Gain on cost method equity investments, net	$	26,368		$	4,120

APPENDIX A – Reconciliation of Adjusted (Non- GAAP) Measurements
(in thousands, except per share data) (unaudited)

	Quarter Ended						Year Ended
	October 28,			October 29,			October 28,			October 29,
	2023			2022			2023			2022
Gross Profit Reconciliation (GAAP/non-GAAP)
GAAP gross profit	$	486,281		$	433,597		$	1,878,851		$	1,560,344
Share-based compensation-products		1,194			907			4,518			3,867
Share-based compensation-services		2,827			2,066			10,470			7,533
Amortization of intangible assets		2,763			2,005			12,264			11,770
Total adjustments related to gross profit		6,784			4,978			27,252			23,170
Adjusted (non-GAAP) gross profit	$	493,065		$	438,575		$	1,906,103		$	1,583,514
Adjusted (non-GAAP) gross profit percentage		43.7	%		45.2	%		43.5	%		43.6	%

Operating Expense Reconciliation (GAAP/non-GAAP)
GAAP operating expense	$	394,979		$	356,329		$	1,521,306		$	1,337,536
Share-based compensation-research and development		11,412			8,507			42,331			31,879
Share-based compensation-sales and marketing		9,187			8,084			35,136			31,280
Share-based compensation-general and administrative		10,274			7,610			37,587			30,435
Significant asset impairments and restructuring costs		7,209			13,621			23,834			33,824
Amortization of intangible assets		10,578			5,754			37,351			32,511
Acquisition and integration costs		—			—			3,474			598
Legal settlement		8,750			—			8,750			—
Total adjustments related to operating expense		57,410			43,576			188,463			160,527
Adjusted (non-GAAP) operating expense	$	337,569		$	312,753		$	1,332,843		$	1,177,009

Income from Operations Reconciliation (GAAP/non-GAAP)
GAAP income from operations	$	91,302		$	77,268		$	357,545		$	222,808
Total adjustments related to gross profit		6,784			4,978			27,252			23,170
Total adjustments related to operating expense		57,410			43,576			188,463			160,527
Total adjustments related to income from operations		64,194			48,554			215,715			183,697
Adjusted (non-GAAP) income from operations	$	155,496		$	125,822		$	573,260		$	406,505
Adjusted (non-GAAP) operating margin percentage		13.8	%		13.0	%		13.1	%		11.2	%

Net Income Reconciliation (GAAP/non-GAAP)
GAAP net income	$	91,199		$	57,645		$	254,827		$	152,902
Exclude GAAP provision for income taxes		(20,681	)		7,735			68,826			29,603
Income before income taxes		70,518			65,380			323,653			182,505
Total adjustments related to income from operations		64,194			48,554			215,715			183,697
Loss on extinguishment and modification of debt		7,874			—			7,874			—
Gain on cost method equity investments, net		—			—			(26,368	)		(4,120	)
Adjusted income before income taxes		142,586			113,934			520,874			362,082
Non-GAAP tax provision on adjusted income before income taxes		31,369			23,015			114,592			73,141
Adjusted (non-GAAP) net income	$	111,217		$	90,919		$	406,282		$	288,941



Weighted average basic common shares outstanding		147,437			148,548			148,971			151,208
Weighted average dilutive potential common shares outstanding ¹		147,891			149,111			149,380			152,193

Net Income per Common Share
GAAP diluted net income per potential common share	$	0.62		$	0.39		$	1.71		$	1.00
Adjusted (non-GAAP) diluted net income per potential common share	$	0.75		$	0.61		$	2.72		$	1.90

¹Weighted average dilutive potential common shares outstanding used in calculating Adjusted (non-GAAP) diluted net income per potential common share includes the following number of shares underlying certain stock option and stock unit awards: (i) 0.5 million and 0.4 million for the fourth quarter and year ended fiscal 2023, respectively; and (ii) 0.6 million and 1.0 million for the fourth quarter and year ended fiscal 2022, respectively.

APPENDIX B – Calculation of EBITDA and Adjusted EBITDA (unaudited)
(in thousands) (unaudited)

	Quarter Ended					Year Ended
	October 28,			October 29,		October 28,		October 29,
	2023			2022		2023		2022
Earnings Before Interest, Tax, Depreciation and Amortization (EBITDA)
Net income (GAAP)	$	91,199		$	57,645	$	254,827	$	152,902
Add: Interest expense		24,207			13,775		88,026		47,050
Less: Interest and other income, net		11,297			1,887		62,008		6,747
Add: Loss on extinguishment and modification of debt		7,874			—		7,874		—
Add: Provision (benefit) for income taxes		(20,681	)		7,735		68,826		29,603
Add: Depreciation of equipment, building, furniture and fixtures, and amortization of leasehold improvements		23,351			27,642		92,564		95,922
Add: Amortization of intangible assets		13,342			7,759		49,616		44,281
EBITDA	$	127,995		$	112,669	$	499,725	$	363,011
Add: Share-based compensation cost		34,894			27,174		130,042		104,994
Add: Significant asset impairments and restructuring costs		7,209			13,621		23,834		33,824
Add: Acquisition and integration costs		—			—		3,474		598
Add: Legal settlement		8,750			—		8,750		—
Adjusted EBITDA	$	178,848		$	153,464	$	665,825	$	502,427

* * *

The adjusted (non-GAAP) measures above and their reconciliation to Ciena’s GAAP results for the periods presented reflect adjustments relating to the following items:

Share-based compensation – a non-cash expense incurred in accordance with share-based compensation accounting guidance.
Significant asset impairments and restructuring costs – costs incurred as a result of restructuring activities taken to align resources with perceived market opportunities, and the redesign of business processes including restructuring certain real estate facilities.
Amortization of intangible assets – a non-cash expense arising from the acquisition of intangible assets, principally developed technologies and customer-related intangibles, that Ciena is required to amortize over an expected useful life.
Acquisition and integration costs – primarily consist of financial, legal and accounting advisors’ costs and employment-related costs related to Ciena’s acquisitions in fiscal 2022 and fiscal 2023.
Loss on extinguishment and modification of debt – reflects extinguishment and debt modification expenses related to refinancing our then existing term loans which occurred during the fourth quarter of fiscal 2023.
Gain on cost method equity investments, net – reflects changes in the carrying value of certain cost method equity investments due to triggering events.
Legal settlements – costs incurred as a result of the settlement of certain patent infringement claims and the resolution of related legal proceedings during the fourth quarter of fiscal 2023.
Non-GAAP tax provision – consists of current and deferred income tax expense commensurate with the level of adjusted income before income taxes and utilizes a current, blended U.S. and foreign statutory annual tax rate of 22.0% for the fiscal fourth quarter and fiscal year 2023 and 20.2% for the fiscal fourth quarter and fiscal year 2022. This rate may be subject to change in the future, including as a result of changes in tax policy or tax strategy.

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